Friday, October 20, 2023

WebSockets vs gRPC vs MQTT vs SSE (Server-Sent Events)

Criteria

WebSockets

gRPC

MQTT

SSE

Protocol Type

Full-Duplex

RPC

Publish-Subscribe

Unidirectional

Messaging Pattern

Real-time

Real-time

Real-time

Real-time

Use Case

Interactive Apps

Microservices

IoT

Real-time Updates

Transport Layer

Over TCP/HTTP

HTTP/2

Over TCP

Over HTTP

Data Format

Binary or Text

Protocol Buffers

Custom Payload

Text

Message Acknowledgment

No

Yes

Quality of Service

No

Message Ordering

Guaranteed

Ordered

Not Guaranteed

Ordered

Scalability

Scalable

Scalable

Scalable

Limited

Security

SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS

SSL/TLS

Message Size

Larger payload

Efficient

Limited

Limited

Browser Support

Yes

Limited

No

Yes

Complexity

Moderate

High

Moderate

Low

Built-in Browser Support

Yes

No

No

Yes

Error Handling

Custom

Strong Typing

Quality of Service

Built-in

Publish/Subscribe Model

No

No

Yes

Yes

Protocol Extensibility

No

Yes

No

Limited

Latency

Low

Low

Low

Low

Bandwidth Usage

Moderate

Efficient

Low

Low

Bi-directional Communication

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Use of HTTP/2

No

Yes

No

No

Quality of Service (QoS)

No

Yes

Yes

No

Offline Messaging

No

No

Yes

No

Broker Requirement

No

No

Yes

No

Subscription Control

No

No

Yes

No

Connection Overhead

Low

Low

Low

Low

Load Balancing Support

Yes

Yes

Limited

Limited

Protocol Overhead

Moderate

Low

Low

Low

Message Retention

No

No

Configurable

No

Header Compression

No

Yes

No

No

Streaming Support

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

 

  1. Protocol Type: Describes the fundamental nature of the communication method.

  2. Messaging Pattern: Identifies the primary use case for real-time communication.

  3. Use Case: States the typical scenarios or applications where each method is commonly used.

  4. Transport Layer: Specifies the underlying network protocol used for communication.

  5. Data Format: Discusses the format in which data is exchanged.

  6. Message Acknowledgment: Addresses whether the method supports acknowledgment of received messages.

  7. Message Ordering: Indicates whether the method ensures the order of messages.

  8. Scalability: Highlights the method's ability to handle large numbers of clients or devices.

  9. Security: Emphasizes the security features and protocols used.

  10. Message Size: Notes the limitations or efficiency regarding the size of messages.

  11. Browser Support: Explains whether the method is natively supported in web browsers.

  12. Bandwidth Usage: Describes how efficiently the communication method utilizes network bandwidth.

  13. Bi-directional Communication: Specifies whether the method allows for bidirectional communication between client and server.

  14. Use of HTTP/2: Indicates whether the communication method utilizes the HTTP/2 protocol.

  15. Quality of Service (QoS): Refers to the level of assurance provided for message delivery and processing.

  16. Offline Messaging: Addresses the ability of the method to handle messages when clients are temporarily disconnected.

  17. Broker Requirement: Identifies whether a dedicated message broker is required for the method.

  18. Subscription Control: Discusses the flexibility and control over message subscriptions.

  19. Connection Overhead: Refers to the additional data or setup required for establishing and maintaining connections.

  20. Load Balancing Support: Highlights whether the method supports load balancing for distributing traffic across servers.

  21. Protocol Overhead: Refers to the additional data included in messages due to the protocol's structure.

  22. Message Retention: Indicates whether the method allows for the storage and retrieval of messages.

  23. Header Compression: Discusses whether the method uses compression techniques for reducing header overhead.

  24. Streaming Support: Specifies whether the method supports data streaming for continuous data transmission.

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